Tus nqi ntawmtitanium alloyyog nruab nrab ntawm $ 200 thiab $ 400 ib kilogram, thaum tus nqi ntawm cov tub rog titanium alloy yog ob npaug li kim. Yog li, titanium yog dab tsi? Vim li cas nws thiaj li kim tom qab alloying?
Ua ntej, cia peb nkag siab lub hauv paus ntawm titanium. Titanium feem ntau yog los ntawm ilmenite, rutile thiab perovskite. Nws yog ib tug silvery-dawb hlau. Vim yog qhov muaj zog ntawm titanium thiab cov kev xav tau siab rau kev siv tshuab smelting, tib neeg tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov titanium ntau rau lub sijhawm ntev, yog li nws kuj tau muab cais ua "tsis tshua muaj" hlau.
Qhov tseeb, tib neeg nrhiav pom titanium hauv xyoo 1791, tab sis thawj zaugntshiab titaniumtau tsim nyob rau hauv 1910, uas siv ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias titanium muaj zog heev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab yooj yim ua ke nrog oxygen, nitrogen, carbon thiab lwm yam khoom. Nws yuav siv sij hawm hnyav heev kom tshem tawm cov ntshiab titanium. Txawm li cas los xij, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim titanium tau loj hlob los ntawm 200 tons nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem mus rau 150,000 tons tam sim no, tam sim no qeb duas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Yog li, qhov twg titanium feem ntau siv thaum nws kim heev?
1. Titanium khoom siv tes ua.Titanium muaj qhov ntom ntom thiab yog corrosion-resistant, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog oxidizable thiab xim xim. Nws muaj cov nyhuv zoo nkauj zoo nkauj thiab pheej yig dua li cov kub tiag tiag, yog li nws yog siv los hloov cov kub tiag tiag rau cov khoom siv tes ua ceramics, cov tsev qub qub thiab kho vaj tse qub, cov npe sab nraum zoov, thiab lwm yam.
2. Titanium hniav nyiaj hniav kub.Titanium tau ntsiag to nkag mus rau hauv peb lub neej. Qee cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua los ntawm cov titanium ntshiab uas cov ntxhais tam sim no hnav. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm hom tshiab ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub no yog kev noj qab haus huv, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Nws yuav tsis tsim cov tshuaj phem rau tib neeg cov tawv nqaij thiab lub cev, thiab hu ua "ntsuab hniav nyiaj hniav kub".
3. Titanium tsom iav. Titanium muaj peev xwm tiv taus deformation ntau dua li cov hlau, tab sis nws qhov hnyav tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm tib lub ntim ntawm cov hlau. Titanium tsom iav zoo li tsis txawv ntawm cov iav hlau zoo tib yam, tab sis lawv ua tau lub teeb thiab xis nyob, nrog rau qhov sov thiab du, tsis muaj qhov txias ntawm lwm cov iav hlau. Titanium thav duab yog qhov sib zog dua li cov hlau zoo tib yam, yuav tsis deform tom qab siv mus ntev, thiab qhov zoo tshaj yog lav.
4. Nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm aerospace, ntau steels ntawm tam sim no aircraft carriers, foob pob ua ntxaij, thiab missiles tau hloov nrog titanium alloys. Qee cov neeg tau ua cov kev sim txiav nrog cov hlau phaj thiab cov titanium alloys, kuj vim nws tsis kam mus deformation thiab lub teeb yuag. Thaum lub sij hawm txiav cov txheej txheem, nws tau pom tias lub txim uas ua los ntawm titanium zoo li txawv me ntsis. Cov hlau phaj yog golden, thaum lub txim ntawm titanium alloy yog dawb. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim cov khoom me me uas ua los ntawm titanium alloy thaum lub sijhawm txiav. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv huab cua thiab emit ci ci, thiab qhov kub ntawm cov sparks no ntau dua li cov hlau phaj sparks, yog li titanium hmoov kuj tseem siv los ua roj foob pob hluav taws.
Raws li kev txheeb cais, ntau tshaj 1,000 tons ntawm titanium yog siv rau kev taug kev hauv ntiaj teb txhua xyoo. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv chaw, titanium kuj tseem siv los ua submarines. Ib tug neeg ib zaug poob titanium mus rau hauv qab dej hiav txwv, thiab pom tias nws tsis yog xeb kiag li thaum nws raug tshem tawm tsib xyoos tom qab, vim hais tias qhov ceev ntawm titanium tsuas yog 4.5 grams, thiab lub zog ib cubic centimeter yog siab tshaj ntawm cov hlau. thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus 2,500 atmospheres ntawm siab. Yog li ntawd, titanium submarines tuaj yeem caij nkoj hauv hiav txwv tob ntawm 4,500 meters, thaum cov hlau zoo tib yam submarines tuaj yeem dhia mus txog 300 meters.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm titanium yog nplua nuj thiab muaj yeeb yuj, thiabtitanium alloyskuj tau siv dav hauv cov tshuaj, thiab siv hauv kev kho hniav, phais yas, lub plawv li qub, khoom siv kho mob, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no tus nqi ntawm cov khoom titanium hauv khw feem ntau yog siab, uas ua rau ntau tus neeg siv khoom nyob deb. Yog li, dab tsi tiag tiag ua rau qhov xwm txheej no?
Kev khawb thiab siv cov khoom siv titanium yog qhov nyuaj heev. Kev faib tawm ntawm ilmenite xuab zeb mines nyob rau hauv kuv lub teb chaws yog tawg, thiab cov concentration ntawm titanium kev pab yog tsawg. Tom qab xyoo dhau los ntawm kev khawb thiab siv, cov khoom siv tau zoo thiab cov khoom siv loj tau raug mined, tab sis vim tias txoj kev loj hlob feem ntau yog siv los ntawm pej xeem mining, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tsim kev loj hlob thiab kev siv.
Qhov kev thov rau titanium muaj zog heev. Raws li cov khoom siv hlau tshiab, titanium tau siv dav hauv aerospace, kev tsim kho, dej hiav txwv, nuclear zog thiab hluav taws xob. Nrog rau kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm kuv lub teb chaws lub zog thoob ntiaj teb, kev noj titanium kuj tau qhia txog kev loj hlob sai.
Muaj peev xwm titanium tsis txaus. Tam sim no, tsuas muaj ob peb lub tebchaws muaj kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb uas tuaj yeem tsim titanium.
Kev ua titanium yog qhov nyuaj.
Los ntawm daim txhuam cev titanium mus rau titanium ingots, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau titanium daim hlau, ntau cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua. Cov txheej txheem smelting ntawm titanium txawv ntawm cov hlau. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj lub melting tus nqi, voltage thiab tam sim no, thiab xyuas kom meej stability ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Vim muaj ntau thiab ntau cov txheej txheem, nws kuj yog ib qho nyuaj rau txheej txheem.
titanium ntshiab yog mos thiab feem ntau tsis haum rau siv raws li cov khoom titanium. Yog li ntawd, lwm cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau ntxiv los txhim kho cov khoom hlau. Piv txwv li, titanium-64, uas yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam aviation, yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntau ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus los txhim kho nws cov khoom hlau.
Titanium reacts muaj zog nrog halogens, oxygen, sulfur, carbon, nitrogen thiab lwm yam khoom nyob rau hauv high kub. Yog li ntawd, smelting ntawm titanium yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev los yog inert cua kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob.
Titanium yog cov hlau nquag, tab sis nws cov thermal conductivity tsis zoo, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau vuam nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm titanium alloys, nrog rau kev coj noj coj ua tus nqi, kev thov, kev tsim khoom nyuaj, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim khoom yuav maj mam txo mus rau yav tom ntej.
Post lub sij hawm: Jan-02-2025